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Great Moravia ((ラテン語:Moravia Magna), (ギリシア語:Μεγάλη Μοραβία) – ''megale Moravia'', , (スロバキア語:Veľká Morava)) or Great Moravian Empire,; both are historiographical terms, formal name is unknown, simply Moravia, was the first, predominantly Slavonic, major state to emerge in the area of Central Europe". Its core territories were located on the northern Morava River along the present-day border of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. However, its extent and location have been called into question. The rival theories place its centre at the south of the river Danube or the Great Hungarian Plain. The exact date of the founding of the Moravian state is controversial, but it is supposed that the state building process was completed in the early 830s under Mojmir I (r. 820s/830s–846), who is the first known Moravian ruler. Mojmir and his successor, Rastislav (r. 846–870), initially acknowledged the suzerainty of the Carolingian monarchs, but their fights for independence caused a series of armed conflicts with East Francia beginning in the 840s. Moravia reached its largest territorial extent under Svatopluk I (r. 870–894), who was occasionally styled as king in contemporaneous sources. Although the borders of his empire cannot be exactly determined, he controlled the core territories of Moravia as well as other neighboring regions, including Bohemia and parts of present-day Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and Ukraine, for some period of his reign. Separatism and internal conflicts emerging after Svatopluk's death contributed to the fall of Moravia, which was overrun by the Hungarians. The exact date of Moravia's collapse is unknown, but it occurred in the period between 902 and 907. Moravia experienced significant cultural development after the arrival in 863 of the mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius, initiated by Prince Rastislav, which introduced a system of writing (the Glagolitic alphabet) and Slavonic liturgy, the latter eventually formally approved by Pope Adrian II. The Glagolitic script and its successor Cyrillic were disseminated to other Slavic countries (particularly Balkan states and Kievan Rus'), charting a new path in their cultural development. ==Name== The meaning of the name has been subject to debate. The designation "Great Moravia"''megale Moravia'' ''(Μεγάλη Μοραβία)'' in Greek〔''Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio'' (ch. 13., 38., 40.), pp. 64-65., 172-173., 176-177.〕 stems from the work ''De Administrando Imperio'' written by the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos around 950. The emperor only used the adjective ''megale'' in connection with the polity when referring to events that occurred after its fall, implying that it should rather be translated as "old" instead of "great". According to a third theory, the ''megale'' adjective refers to a territory located beyond the borders of the Byzantine Empire. Finally, the historian Lubomír E. Havlík writes that Byzantine scholars used this adjective when referring to homelands of nomadic peoples, as demonstrated by the term "Great Bulgaria". The work of Porphyrogenitos is the only nearly contemporaneous source using the adjective "great" in connection with Moravia. Other documents from the 9th and 10th centuries never used the term in this context. Instead they mention the polity as "Moravian realm" or "realm of Moravians" (''regnum Marahensium'', ''terra Marahensium'', ''regnum Marahavorum'', ''regnum Marauorum'', ''terra Marauorum'' or ''regnum Margorum'' in Latin, and ''Moravьska oblastь'' in Old Church Slavonic), simply "Moravia" (''Marawa'', ''Marauia'', and ''Maraha'' in Latin, ''Morava'', ''Marava'', or ''Murava'' in Old Church Slavonic, and ''M.ŕawa.t'' in Arabic), also ''regnum Sclavorum'' (''realm of Slavs'') or alternate ''regnum Rastizi'' (''realm of Rostislav'') or ''regnum Zuentibaldi'' (''realm of Svatopluk''). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Great Moravia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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